Though Radetzky attempted to maintain control, the virtually unanimous solidarity of the Milanese eventually forced the Austrians out of the city, with Radetzky giving the final call for retreat from Milan. This news reached Milan on 17 March, and it sparked revolt spontaneously the following day.
The culmination of this simmering ire was news that Austrian Chancellor Clemens von Metternich had resigned in the midst of an uprising in Vienna. This foment had reached such an extent that in February of 1848, Austrian field marshal Joseph Radetzky, who was in control of the Milan, enacted martial law tactics in an effort to keep order. The Duchy of Milan had essentially been under Austrian control since the early 18th century (save for a brief period during the reign of Napoleon when it was part of the Cisalpine Republic), but tensions between the Austrians and Milanese began mounting in the closing months of 1847. Ring in today with a revolution: 22 March marked the end of the “ Cinque Giornate di Milano,” or the “ Five Days of Milan,” a skirmish in 1848 that locally resulted in the expulsion of the Austrians from Milanese territory and, more globally, contributed to the revolutions of 1848 that resulted in First Italian War of Independence.
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